Internal-combustion engine.



H. J. BAGHMAN. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 2B,1913.

1,087,566. Patented Feb. 17,1914.

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H. J. BAGHMAN.

' INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 28, 1913.

Patented Feb. 17, 1914.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

[NVEN TOR. Hdfiachma/z an m 4 llllll l fl/Ill IIIIIIIIIILIIIFI'IIH V\ZWITNESSES; M (Q HUGO J, BACHMAN, OF DENVER, COLORADO.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application filed January 28, 1913. Serial No. 744,687.

' Specification of Letters Patent.

PatentedFeb-.17,1914.

To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, HUGO J. BACHMAN, a citizen of the United 'States,residing at Denver, in the county of Denver and State of Colorado, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combus tionEngines, of whichthe following is a specification. I

This invention relates to internal'combustion engines and its objectresides in the provision of an engine of very simple construction inwhich the valves which control the admission and exhaust of gases to'andfrom the working cylinder are operated from the crank shaft of theengine without the use of springsor other easily deranged devices, andin which all the operative parts are readily accessible for the purposeof repairs, adjustment or lubrication.

In proceeding in accordance with my invention I'prov1de an enginepreferably of the four-cycle type in which an open-ended cylinder xtendsaxially in parallel relation to the working cylinder with which it isformed integral and with which it is interiorly connected by means ofapair of ports or passages through which the explosive charge and thespent gases are admitted to and exhausted from theworking or compressionend of the same.

The first-mentioned cylinder is provided with a port which connects withthe carbureter or other source of fuel mixture, and two piston-valvesare fitted in tandem relation for reciprocation in the same and, by

p a suitable transmission mechanism'are operatively and independentlymovably, connected with the crank shaft of the engine to cover anduncover the admission and exhaust ports at determinate points the cycleof movements of the working piston.

An embodiment-of my invention has been illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings in the various views of which like parts are similarlydesignated, and in which Figure 1 represents a longitudinal sectiontaken through the improved engine. Fig. 2, an elevation of the lowerportion of the same looking in' the direction of the arrow A, Fig. 1,Fig. 3, a transverse section taken along the line 3-3, Fig. 1, Figs. 4,5'and 6, sections similar to that shown in Fig. 1 but drawn to a reducedscale to illustrate different positions of the piston and valves atdistinctive points in the cycle of movements of the engine whichhereinafter will be more fully described.

To simplify the drawings, only the parts H which are essential in theoperation of the engine have been shown, and the parts of minorimportance such as the crank case, shaft bearings and lubricationappliances which are obviously included in an engine of the type towhich this invention apper-. tains have been omitted.

Referringmore specifically to the drawlngs, the reference numeral 2designates the working cylinder of the engine which is open at one ofits ends for the passage of the trunk piston 3 which is fitted forreclprocatlon in the cylinder and which by means of a connecting rod 4is operatively connected with the crank-arm 5 of the crank shaft 6.

Formed integral and axially parallel with the cylinder 2 is theopen-ended valve-cylinder 7 inwhich an intake valve 8 and an exhaustvalve 9 are movably fitted in ten dem relation to each other, the twocylin- 'ders being spaced from each other and surrounded by an integralmantle for the provision of a jacket 10 which completely en circles thesame and which as usual is provided with a water inlet 12 and an outlet13.

The two cylinders are interiorly connected by means of an intake port 14and an exhailst port 15 through which the motive fluid is admitted intoand discharged fromthe compression end of the cylinder, and the" valvecylinder is furthermore provided with a port 16 which bymeans of aconduit 17 is connected with the carbureter or other source ofcombustible mixture.

i i Recesses 18 formed in the interior surface of the valve cylinder .inthe planes of the orifices of the ports 14 and 15 are in continuouscommunication with the same, as is best shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings,for the purpose of providing balance chambers which; when the explosionor compression of the fuel mixture takes place in the working endof thecylinder'2, admit the expansive gase andthus equalize their pressureupon the circumferential surfaces of the two valves to prevent theirbinding in the cylinder in which they have their movement.

The'valves 8 and 9 which are of the piston type, are operated by therotation of a shaft 19 which receives its movement from the crank shaft6 through the instrumencouvcrted into independent reciprocatingmovements of the two valves by means of two eccentrics and 23 of equaleccentricities which are placed at right angles to each other and whoserods are articulately connected with the valve rods as at 24 and The rod26 of the intake-valve is bored longitudinally for the sliding movementof the rod 27 of the other valve within the same, and it is off-set at28 as shown in Fig. 2, to connect with the respective eccentric, bothrods being guided in their longitudinal movement in boxes "29 which aresecured on the crank-case or other suitablepart of the engine. I

The exhaust valve 9 consists of a cylindrical" shell 30 which is open atits outer end for the passage of the gases discharged from the workingcylinder either into the open or into a conduit 31 which may be attachedat the end of the valve cylinder, as is shown in Fig. 5. The valve hasadjacent its closed inner end, a port 32 which when it is at or near theend of its outward stroke, registers with the exhaust port 15 for thetransfer ence of the spent gases from the cylinder 2 to the interior ofthe shell 30, and the valve is preferably formed with an interior shell"to provide an air space 33 which insulates its portion which is insliding contact with the interior surface of the valve-cylinder from thedetrimental influence of the heat of the gases passing from the port 32to and through its open. end.

-The intake valve consists of an open-e nded cylindrical shell 3 1 whichis formed integral with the hollow rod of the same by means of twotransverse partitions 35 and 36 the lower one of which extends obliquelyto prevent the accumulation of oil in the space or passage between them.The shell :34 is provided in the said space. respectively in adjacencyto the two partitions, with ports 37 and 38 which, when the valve isnear or at the end of its outward stroke, register simultaneously withthe intake port ofthe cylinder and the port 16 which connectswith thecarburetor for the supply of. combustible fluid to the said cylinder.

The portion of the hollow valve rod withinthe shell 34 is made pf largerdiameter than the solid rod ofthe exhaust valve which moves through thesame, to provide a. space 39 which by means of openings 10 formed in therod below the lower partition 36,- connccts with the atmosphere toprevent the formation of a partial vacuum or the compression of air inthe space between the two valves.

Having thus described the mechanical construction of my improved engine,its operation will be readily understood by reference to the views ofthe drawings which illustrate the different relative positions of thepiston and the valves at four distinctive points in the cycle.

Promisingthat in the position shown in Fig. 1 the cylinder 2 is filledwith explosive mixture which, during the preceding stroke, was admittedthrough the port 14., the piston 3 will during the return strokecompress the said fluid until it has reached itsextrelne inward point asshown in Fig. 4; when the mixture is fired by the igniter desig nated by41 in Fig. 1, and the consequent expansion of the gaseous fuel drivesthe pisston outwardly. During this outward or working stroke of thepiston the exhaust valve 9 commences to uncover the port and remains inregister with said port, as is shown in Fig. 5, during the remainder ofthe said stroke and the following inward movement of the piston duringwhich the cylinder is scavenged of the products of combustion of theignited 'vaporous charge, while the intake-valve 8 is moved to theposition in which its ports 37 and 38 register with the po ts 14 and 16,and the exhaust valve again hloses the port 15. During the followingstroke which is the last of the cycle the intake port remains uncoveredsufliciently long to permit the piston to draw in a fresh charge of fueland when the piston has reached the end of its stroke, as shown in Fig.1, the intake port is again covered and all the parts are once more inthe initial position ready to commence another cycle.

It will be understood that while in the drawings I have shown the engineas being of the upright type, its position hasno influence on itseffective operation, and while I have shown and described the engine inthe best form at present known to me, variations in the construction andrelative arrangement of its parts may be resorted to within the scope ofmy invention as expressed in the following claims.

I claim- 1. In an internal combustion engine, a working-cylinder and avalve-cylinder ccnuected by an intake port and an exhaust.

port. said valve cylinder having openings for the admission and dischare of motive thud, a shaft, a piston in the working cylindcr having adriving connection therewith,

a pair of independently reciprocating valves disposed in tandem relationin the valve cylinder and provided with rods one of which slideslongitudinally within the other,

' and the outer one of which has a passage for establishing a continuouscommunication between the space between said valvesand the atmosphere,and cranks connected to be rotated by the movement of said shaft, in

operative connection with said rods where,

by the valves are moved to respectively establish communication betweensaid ntake port and said admlssion opening a d between said exhaust-portand said discharge opening at determinate points in a cycle of movementsof the piston.

2. In an internal combustion engine, a working cylinder and a valvecylinder connected by an intake-port and an exhaust port, said valvecylinder being 0p n at one of its ends for the discharge of moiive fluidand having an opening for the admission of fresh motive fluid, a pistonin the working cylinder, and independently reciprocating intake'andexhaust valves fitted in tandem relation in the valve cylinder torespectively establish communication between said intake port and saidadmission opening and between said exhaust port and the said open end ofthe cylinder at determinate points in a cycle of movements of thepiston.

I In an internal combustion engine, a working cylinder and a valvecylinder connected by an intake-port and an exhaust port, said valvecylinder being open at one of its ends for the discharge of motive fluidand having an opening for the admission of fresh motive fluid, a pistonin the working cylinder and independently reciprocating intake andexhaust valves .fitted in tandem relation in the valve cylinder torespectively establish communication between said intake port and saidadmission opening and between said exhaust port and the said open end ofthe cylinder at determinate points in a cycle of movements of thepiston, said exhaust valve comprising a hollow cylinder open atone ofits ends to communicate with the open end .of the cylinder in which ithas its movement and having a port for establishing communicationbetween its interior and the said exhaust port when in registertherewith.

4. In an internal combustion engine, a working cylinderand a valvecylinder connected by an intake-port and an exhaustport, said valvecylinder being open at one of its ends for the discharge of motive fluidand. having an opening for the admission of fresh motive fluid, a pistonin the working cylinder and independently reciprocating intake andexhaust valves fitted in tandem relation in the valve cylinder torespectively establish communication between said intake ,port and saidadmission opening and between said exha 1st port and the said open endof the cylir i'derat determinate points in a cycle of mo; ,ements of thepiston, said exhaust valve 0 inprising a double-walled hollow cylinder!"pen at one of its ends to communicatewith the open end of the cylinderin which it has its movement .and having a port for establishingcommunication between'its interior and the said exhaust port when inregister therewith.

5. In an internal combustion engine, a working cylinder and a valvecylinder connected byan'intake-cport and an exhaustport, said valvecylinder being open at one of its ends for the discharge of motive fluidand having an opening for the admission of fresh motive fluid, a pistonin the working cylinder, and independently reciprocating intake andexhaust valves fitted in tandem relation in the valve cylinder torespectively establish communication between said-intake port and saidadmission opening and between said exhaust port and the said open end ofthe cylinder at determinate points in a cycle of movements of thepiston, said intake valve comprising a cylinder having an interiorpassage and in the same, two openings adapted to simultaneously registerwith said intake'port and said admissionopening. I

6. 'In an internal combustion engine, a working cylinder and a valvecylinder connected by an intake-port and an exhaust port, said valvecylinder being open at one of its ends for the discharge of motive fluidand having an opening for the admission of fresh motive fluid, apistonin the working cylinder and independently reciprocating intake andexhaust valves fitted in tandem relation in the valve cylinder torespectively establish communication between said intake port and saidadmission opening and between said exhaust port and'the said open end ofthe cylinder at determinate points in a cycle of movements of thepiston, said intake valve comprising a cylinder having, interiorly, apassage whose-bottom slants for the discharge of oil from the same, andin the said passage two openings adapted to simultaneously register withsaid intakeport and said admission-opening.

In testimony whereof I have afiixcd my signature in presence of twowitnesses.

HUGO J. BACHMAN. Witnesses 2 G. J. ROLLANDET,

L. Rnoanns.

Goplel of this patent may be obtained tor five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents,

' v Washington, D. G."

